Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century by Lucci Stephen & Kopec Danny

Author:Lucci, Stephen & Kopec, Danny [Lucci, Stephen]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Mercury Learning and Information
Published: 2012-05-17T00:00:00+00:00

There are five major classifications of knowledge:

Procedural knowledge – rules, strategies, agendas, and procedures

Declarative knowledge – concepts, objects, and facts

Meta-knowledge – knowledge about the other types of knowledge and how to use them

Heuristic knowledge – rules of thumb

Structural knowledge – rule sets, concept relationships, concept to object relations14 (p. 521)

The sources of these diverse forms of knowledge might be experts, end users, multiple experts, reports, books, regulations, online information, programs, and guidelines.

The processes of collecting and interpreting knowledge could require only several hours, but interpreting, analyzing, and designing a new model of the knowledge might, in contrast, require many hours (ibid., pp. 524–25).

We have already addressed some of the difficulties that can possibly be encountered when dealing with experts. Experts will tend to compile their problem-solving knowledge into a compact form that enables efficient problem-solving. They will also make mental leaps that go far beyond what the nonexpert knowledge engineer can appreciate or understand. Experts perhaps describe such leaps as intuition, but they could, in fact, be the result of some very complex reasoning based on deep knowledge (ibid. p. 527). Waterman20 labels this dilemma the knowledge-engineering paradox, stating, “The more competent domain experts become, the less able they are to describe the knowledge they used to solve problems!”

The process of converting shallow knowledge (which might be based on intuition) into deep or deeper knowledge (which might be hidden in the expert’s subconscious) is called the knowledge compilation problem. Developing skill in knowledge elicitation can help to facilitate the knowledge-acquisition process.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.